CSS 導航列 (Navigation Bar)

導航列是網站最重要的元素之一，本篇介紹如何製作水平導航列。

基本水平導航

Flexbox 實現

.navbar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 16px 24px;
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.nav-logo {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: bold;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #333;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 32px;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.nav-links a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #666;
  transition: color 0.2s;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
  color: #007bff;
}

<nav class="navbar">
  <a href="/" class="nav-logo">Logo</a>
  <ul class="nav-links">
    <li><a href="#">首頁</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">關於</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">服務</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">聯絡</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

置中導航

Logo 在左，連結置中，按鈕在右

.navbar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 16px 24px;
}

.nav-logo {
  flex: 1;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 32px;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.nav-actions {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 12px;
}

導航連結樣式

底線效果

.nav-links a {
  position: relative;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #333;
  padding: 8px 0;
}

.nav-links a::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: #007bff;
  transition: width 0.3s;
}

.nav-links a:hover::after,
.nav-links a.active::after {
  width: 100%;
}

背景效果

.nav-links a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #333;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: background-color 0.2s;
}

.nav-links a:hover,
.nav-links a.active {
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

膠囊按鈕

.nav-links a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #666;
  padding: 8px 20px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  transition: all 0.2s;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
  background: #007bff;
  color: white;
}

響應式導航

漢堡選單

.navbar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 16px 24px;
  position: relative;
}

/* 漢堡按鈕 */
.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 5px;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 4px;
}

.nav-toggle span {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 2px;
  background: #333;
  transition: transform 0.3s;
}

/* 導航連結 */
.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 32px;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

/* 行動版 */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .nav-toggle {
    display: flex;
  }
  
  .nav-links {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
    background: white;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    display: none;
  }
  
  .nav-links.active {
    display: flex;
  }
  
  .nav-links li {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
  }
  
  .nav-links a {
    display: block;
    padding: 16px 24px;
  }
}

<nav class="navbar">
  <a href="/" class="nav-logo">Logo</a>
  <button class="nav-toggle">
    <span></span>
    <span></span>
    <span></span>
  </button>
  <ul class="nav-links">
    <li><a href="#">首頁</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">關於</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">服務</a></li>
    <li><a href="#">聯絡</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

// 切換選單
document.querySelector('.nav-toggle').addEventListener('click', function() {
  document.querySelector('.nav-links').classList.toggle('active');
});

下拉選單

.dropdown {
  position: relative;
}

.dropdown-menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  min-width: 200px;
  background: white;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(10px);
  transition: all 0.2s;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 8px 0;
}

.dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.dropdown-menu a {
  display: block;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  color: #333;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.dropdown-menu a:hover {
  background: #f5f5f5;
}

完整範例

.navbar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 0 24px;
  height: 64px;
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.nav-logo {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #007bff;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.nav-links a {
  display: block;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  color: #333;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: background-color 0.2s;
}

.nav-links a:hover {
  background: #f0f7ff;
  color: #007bff;
}

.nav-links a.active {
  background: #007bff;
  color: white;
}

.nav-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
}

.btn-login {
  padding: 8px 16px;
  color: #007bff;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid #007bff;
  border-radius: 6px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.btn-signup {
  padding: 8px 16px;
  color: white;
  background: #007bff;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 6px;
  cursor: pointer;
}